Technology in the 21st Century.

C++ Compiler G++ on Ubuntu Linux.

2007-01-08T14:20:00.000-08:00

Dear Reader,

I have had a couple of C++ interviews recently, which point me in the direction of studying more C++. So, I think it'd be a good idea to start compiling in C++. Linux is my OS of choice, and in this blog I'll document my journey in setting up a C++ compiler. G++ is the name of the C++ compiler for Linux (apparently, gcc is the gnu c compiler, although "man gcc" and "man g++" suggest that both gcc and g++ compile c and c++).

Italics are things you enter in the command prompt.

Ok, so I created a file called hello.h with the following content:

#include
using namespace std;

int main()
{
cout << "Hello World!" ;
return 0;
}

I run
$ g++ hello.h -o hello.out

and it compiles. Good, now, how to run hello.out?

I notice that it's not yet an executable...
$ chmod u+x hello.out

Then I try running it:
$ ./hello.out
bash: ./hello.out: cannot execute binary file

Well, finally my friend (who works at Google as a software engineer) came to my rescue. He said, why is the input file called "hello.h". He recommended I change it to hello.cc (I'm used to hello.cpp). I did, and the program compiled like a charm! Thanks Ben, I couldn't have done it without you!!!

I look forward to the next blog.

A little information-gathering about gcc:
$ type gcc
gcc is hashed (/usr/bin/gcc)
$ whereis gcc
gcc: /usr/bin/gcc /usr/lib/gcc /usr/bin/X11/gcc /usr/share/man/man1/gcc.1.gz

AVG Antivirus on Ubuntu Linux Dapper Drake.

2006-10-25T22:26:00.000-07:00

(Brief note: Thursday, October 19, 2006. After some reading up on AVG Free for Linux, and seeing that Ubuntu doesn't have the command RPM, whereas the AVG docs say to use it to install the provided RPM package (and alien, a program to help install RPMs for folks like me, seems to not exactly be bulletproof), I decide to leave this mini-project on hold and install a more Ubuntu-friendly antivirus checker, just to bring my system up to speed. I KNOW I have a number of viruses from the files I transferred from my windows hard drives, so I want to take care of them ASAP. I can continue this log later on, as time permits, or leave AVG Free for Linux for other Linux users.)

Saturday, October 14, 2006

This just in: 90% of you will be bored half to sleep by the time you finish this blog entry. You were warned!

Who knew that the free Windows antivirus software I've been using as my main line of defense against pesky Trojan Horses and the like, also comes bundled for Linux?

AVG is made by "Grisoft, s.r.o" in the Czech Republic. Their website contains a nice manual on how to install AVG on Linux. It's a PDF, and luckily Ubuntu 6.06 with LTS contains Evince 0.5.2, a "PostScript and PDF File Viewer" so I don't have to screw around with the command line just yet. Grisoft's "AVG Free for Linux" has a GUI and a Command Line Module. The former for newbies (like me!) and the latter for people who love the command line (hehe!).

AVG Free for Linux requires the following three libraries: libc.so.6, libstdc++-libc6.2-2.so.3, and libexpat.so.0.

libc.so.6 = The GNU libc libraries. You know, I have a hunch this library DOES exist on my Linux system, because Phil, a Debian user, managed to delete /lib/libc.so.6 and he writes, "since the whole system depends on it...I can't even create a new link or new file. Also booting from a boot disk doesn't work." Sorry to hear that, Phil, but thanks for the warning. So let's "cd /lib" and see what's up. Now let's "ls libc*" and AHA! there's the trusty libc.so.6. One down, two to go.

libstdc++-libc6.2-2.so.3 = I'm guessing this is the Standard C++ library. But it doesn't seem to be located in /lib! So is it on my system or not?
Yup, at /lib/usr/libstdc++-libc6.2-2.so.3.
10:37

libexpat.so.0 = ??? Who knows what this is for (expatriates? ;) ) I run "find / -name libexpat.so.0 -print" and indeed "/usr/lib/libexpat.so.0" is part of the output.

So all three of the required libraries exist. Excellent.

Python Language Interpreter
The next requirement is the "Python Language Interpreter". I run "python -V" and the returned version 2.4.3 >= the required versions 2.2 and higher. The location is /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages (file

PyGTK Python moduleNext, I'm told to verify that the "PyGTK Python module" is on the system (PyGTK widgets are used to create the GUI of AVG Free for Linux). So what file name do I search upon? I visit http://www.pygtk.org/. There, I'm informed that PyGTK 2.10.0 is released. I also read that "PyGTK is included in most Linux distributions (including Conectiva, Debian, Fedora, Mandrake, Redhat and SUSE)." Since Ubuntu is Debian-Linux-based, I figure I have PyGTK. Still, a concrete file name and "find" search would be a safer approach.

This here command--python -c "import sys; print sys.path"--yields the following output:

['', '/usr/lib/python24.zip', '/usr/lib/python2.4', '/usr/lib/python2.4/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib/python2.4/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.4/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2 .4/site-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packag es/HTMLgen', '/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/Numeric', '/usr/lib/python2.4/site-pack ages/PIL', '/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cairo', '/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages /gst-0.10', '/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/gtk-2.0']

Well...this is enough time spent looking for the PyGTKpython modules. I'm almost convinced I have it. I think it's pygtk.py. I'll take my chances. Next....

libglade
"Also, the libglade and pygtk-libglade libraries versions 2.0 and higher must be installed on your computer."

The command "find / -name libglade -print" yields the locations of the libglade library: /usr/lib/libglade and /usr/share/xml/libglade.

pygtk-libglade
The command "find / -name pygtk-libglade* -print" yields the file /usr/src/pygtk-libglade-0.6.11-4mdk.i586.rpm". Does that mean the pygtk-libglade library is not installed on my system? Or, it may be, but the rpm file remains? Aaah, that's where the source file is kept! But is the library pygtk-libglade installed? Strangely enough, a Google Groups search for "pygtk-libglade ubuntu" yields 0 results.

Hmmm...I found some criticism of AVG Free for Linux at http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/showthread.php?t=305528. Jimbo99 says it's a 30-day trial version only; I didn't read anything about a trial on AVG's website. Guess I'll find out for myself....

(It's not the criticism, but I abandoned the post for a VARIETY of reasons I don't have a need to mention (but could). See the brief note at the start of the blog.)

FProt Antivirus Protection for Ubuntu Linux Dapper Drake 6.06 with LTS.

2006-10-24T15:25:00.000-07:00

(Screen Shot from the end result of following Ubuntuforums.org's tutorial to install FProt, and making a few changes in the instructions to adjust for changes in the file name that I was working with)

(Dear Google Blogger Tech Guys: Silly Shurik, I've made a boo-boo. I've started writing my tech-related blog entries, like "FPost Antivirus Protection for Ubuntu Linux Dapper Drake 6.06 with LTS" antivirus for linux (there's a joke!), in the wrong blog. Whereas the post below, and also the post on AVG Free for Linux antivirus, belongs in the set containing my tech entries (the Blog "Technology in the 21st Century", I've placed them in my all-purpose blog "The Adventures of Shurik in the 21st century.". So, how about a more versatile Google Blogger interface, that allows me to swap entries between blogs, eh?)

Started: Thursday, October 19 (admittedly, 1:35 am; couldn't fall asleep again...one of those nights, you know. You know, if you want to know, the reason why I have the energy to stay up tonight, is a combination of diet, exercise and (maybe) meditation. When I do a lot of chi gung during the day, eat enough protein during the day and fruit for dinner, I have no problem staying up much of the night. Especially, if I get enough sleep the next few days. Or rather, have the time to meditate whenever I need to, to get my energy level back up to where I'm not falling down off my feet. I could MAKE myself sit, close my eyes, and maybe hold my arms up in the air; or even stand up and do some standing chi gung, but I want to finish installing the antivirus and give it a run on the files I have on this Ubuntu Linux computer, files I transferred from an infected Windows partition. How about that for reality?

I search for "linux antivirus free". There are many contenders. I settle on FPost, because it doesn't seem to cut out the free updates after 30 days and it seems to be supported on Ubuntu ( has an article on it). I follow the installation instructions given on ubuntuforums.org (reproduced here) almost exactly. I make one change, since I am using version 4.6.6--file xfprot-1.16.tar.gz (go figure!)--of FProt. But there's a glitch, when I run

./configure --with-gtk2 --with-sudo --autodetect --without-debug --with-install-dir=/usr/local,

and just before I'm supposed to run "make"! The glitch is the unfortunate output "configure:

invalid option --with-gtk2 .

Now what are you saying? My gtk2 doesn't exist on my system?

Checking Ubuntu's "System : Administration : Synaptic Package Manager" GUI feature, I learn that GTK2 is

"The GTK+ is a multi-platform toolkit for creating graphical user
interfaces. Offering a complete set of widgets, the GTK+ is suitable
for projects ranging from small one-off tools to complete application
suites."

The quick workaround to this problem was just removing --with-gtk2.

The next problem with installation of FPost on Ubuntu was the instruction to run the following statement:

sudo dpkg -i xfprot-1.15_1.15-1_i386.deb

I had to change that statement to this new one:

sudo dpkg -i xfprot_1.16-1_i386.deb.

It is also fair to mention that I often got the message:

dpkg: status database area is locked by another process,

and this is due to having had Synaptic Package Manager GUI open while runninga dpkg command. Also, I am worried about running .deb files on Ubuntu, since I read that Ubuntu uses not just .deb files, but specially-made .deb files. But I am not too worried, because this sort of thing is the norm these days (although doesn't it make more sense to have standards, so that a .deb file will run on all linux distros?), and because the instructions I was following came from ubuntuforums.org.

Aaah, the anticipation of the conclusion of this task of setting up FProt. Here's the last output of my bash command terminal, [whose "storage" I increased from around 300K to 2048K--hey, I've been running Ubuntu Linux for (uptime quick result: 10 days) 10 days now, so have run quite a number of commands...and it's useful to go back to see what you did in the last 10 days.]:

myusername@mycomputername:~/Src/xfprot-1.16$ sudo dpkg -i xfprot_1.16-1_i386.deb
Selecting previously deselected package xfprot.
(Reading database ... 82023 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking xfprot (from xfprot_1.16-1_i386.deb) ...
Setting up xfprot (1.16-1) ...

Onto the next instruction then of the Ubuntu-provided FProt installation instructions! I use GEdit to open a file in the directory usr/share/applications/fprot.desktop and paste in some code in the file. And here's the screen shot of FProt's GUI (first written in June of 1991!? At that time, I wasn't even an American citizen. I bet over 95% of you were born American citizens, weren't you?):

If you're curious, here's what scrolling down that screen shot yields. Note the open source policy. You don't get this sort of license terribly much with Microsoft products, with which I also constantly work. I mean, would this license even be allowed in China? A license that speaks of "freedom"--sheesh.

XFProt 1.16 License:

This program is distributed under the terms of the GPL v2.

Version 2, June 1991

Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but chang ing it is not allowed.

Preamble

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and chang e it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
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We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
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Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
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Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
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The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
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either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
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the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".

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is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.

1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
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and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
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you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.

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does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
the Program is not required to print an announcement.)

These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
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In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
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implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
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This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
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NO WARRANTY

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WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
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TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.
Copyright (C)

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:

Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.

The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:

Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.

, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice

This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
Public License instead of this License.

The End

--Shurik

This is the Title of the first post creted for Google's Blogger blog "Technology in the 21st Century."

2006-10-16T19:03:00.000-07:00

Dear Windows User,

Whether you use Windows or Linux, is your choice, but this first entry begins with a useful tip to take the screen shot of the Windows Command Prompt (WCP). Windows XP SP2 to be more precise. To be even more precise, the time is 18:58 on Monday, October 16, 2006. To take the screen shot of the command prompt, press and hold "Ctrl" (Control) and then the "Print Screen" button, which should be located above the QWERTY (the letters and numbers keys of the keyboard?). Now see what happens when you press the Alt + "Print Screen" buttons one after the other, without letting go of the Alt. That's also a screen shot, but of the whole screen.

Hey, can people leave comments back on this Google Blog Blogger? Can they do RSS feeds to this blog (i.e., Google provides a link to paste at another place so that when this blog is updated the other place knows to go read the blog)? Hey, Google's Dr. Eric Schmidt, will I be able to monitor vital stats, like Can I see how many people visited my blog? And what are their geographic locations? And what parts of the blog did they click on?

Ok enough questions for now. After, this is only the beginning. The first entry of the blog Technology in the 21st Century.

EXIT seraphim and the Satan's men. And don't forget to...
Don't worry, be happy.

Technology in the 21st Century.

C++ Compiler G++ on Ubuntu Linux.

AVG Antivirus on Ubuntu Linux Dapper Drake.

FProt Antivirus Protection for Ubuntu Linux Dapper Drake 6.06 with LTS.

(Screen Shot from the end result of following Ubuntuforums.org's tutorial to install FProt, and making a few changes in the instructions to adjust for changes in the file name that I was working with)

XFProt 1.16 License:

This is the Title of the first post creted for Google's Blogger blog "Technology in the 21st Century."